视频快照压缩成像（SCI）使用计算成像的概念通过单个测量捕获了多个顺序视频帧。基本原理是通过不同的遮罩调节高速框架，这些调制帧求和到由低速2D传感器捕获的单个测量值（称为光学编码器）；此后，如果需要，使用算法来重建所需的高速帧（配音软件解码器）。在本文中，我们考虑了视频SCI中的重建算法，即从压缩测量中恢复一系列视频帧。具体而言，我们提出了一个时空变压器（STFORMER）来利用空间和时间域中的相关性。 stformer网络由令牌生成块，视频重建块组成，这两个块由一系列的stformer块连接。每个STFORMER块由空间自我注意分支，时间自我发项处和这两个分支的输出组成，由融合网络集成。对模拟和真实数据的广泛结果证明了Stformer的最新性能。代码和模型可在https://github.com/ucaswangls/stformer.git上公开获得

深生成模型（DGM）是数据浏览的。从本质上讲，这是因为在有限数据上学习一个复杂的模型，遭受了较大的差异和容易过度的折磨。受\ emph {偏见 - 变化困境}的启发，我们提出了\ emph {正则化的深生成模型}（reg-dgm），该模型}（reg-dgm）利用了不可转移的预训练模型来减少具有有限数据的生成模型的变异。正式地，Reg-DGM优化了数据分布与DGM之间一定差异的加权总和，以及预先训练的模型W.R.T.定义的能量函数的期望。 DGM。从理论上讲，我们表征了Reg-DGM在非参数环境中全球最小值的存在和独特性，并严格证明Reg-DGM W.R.T.的统计益处。在一个简单而代表性的高斯拟合示例中，平均误差和预期风险。从经验上讲，在Reg-DGM中指定DGM和预训练的模型是非常灵活的。尤其是，使用RESNET-18分类器在ImageNet上进行了预先培训和数据依赖性能量功能，Reg-DGM始终在几个基准上改善了强大的DGM的生成性能，包括StyleGAN2和ADA在几个基准上，具有有限的数据，并为国家取得了竞争性的结果 - 艺术方法。

本文旨在探讨如何合成对其进行训练的现有视频脱毛模型的近距离模糊，可以很好地推广到现实世界中的模糊视频。近年来，基于深度学习的方法已在视频Deblurring任务上取得了希望的成功。但是，对现有合成数据集培训的模型仍然遭受了与现实世界中的模糊场景的概括问题。造成故障的因素仍然未知。因此，我们重新审视经典的模糊综合管道，并找出可能的原因，包括拍摄参数，模糊形成空间和图像信号处理器〜（ISP）。为了分析这些潜在因素的效果，我们首先收集一个超高帧速率（940 fps）原始视频数据集作为数据基础，以综合各种模糊。然后，我们提出了一种新颖的现实模糊合成管道，该管道通过利用模糊形成线索称为原始爆炸。通过大量实验，我们证明了在原始空间中的合成模糊并采用与现实世界测试数据相同的ISP可以有效消除合成数据的负面影响。此外，合成的模糊视频的拍摄参数，例如，曝光时间和框架速率在改善脱毛模型的性能中起着重要作用。令人印象深刻的是，与在现有合成模糊数据集中训练的训练的模型合成的模糊数据训练的模型可以获得超过5DB PSNR的增益。我们认为，新颖的现实合成管道和相应的原始视频数据集可以帮助社区轻松构建自定义的Blur数据集，以改善现实世界的视频DeBlurring性能，而不是费力地收集真实的数据对。

光谱压缩成像（SCI）能够将高维高光谱图像编码为2D测量，然后使用算法来重建时空光谱数据处。目前，SCI的主要瓶颈是重建算法，最新的（SOTA）重建方法通常面临长期重建时间和/或细节恢复不良的问题。在本文中，我们提出了一个新型的混合网络模块，即CCOT（卷积和上下文变压器）块，该模块可以同时获得卷积的感应偏见和强大的变压器建模能力，并有助于提高重建质量以提高重建质量还原细节。我们将提出的CCOT块集成到基于广义交替投影算法的深层展开框架中，并进一步提出GAP-CCOT网络。通过大量合成和真实数据的实验，我们提出的模型可实现更高的重建质量（$> $> $> $> $ 2db的PSNR在模拟基准数据集中）和比现有SOTA算法更短的运行时间。代码和模型可在https://github.com/ucaswangls/gap-ccot上公开获得。

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse in that the within-class means of features and the classifier weight vectors converge to the vertices of a simplex equiangular tight frame at the terminal phase of training for classification. In this paper, we explore the corresponding structures of the last-layer feature centers and classifiers in semantic segmentation. Based on our empirical and theoretical analysis, we point out that semantic segmentation naturally brings contextual correlation and imbalanced distribution among classes, which breaks the equiangular and maximally separated structure of neural collapse for both feature centers and classifiers. However, such a symmetric structure is beneficial to discrimination for the minor classes. To preserve these advantages, we introduce a regularizer on feature centers to encourage the network to learn features closer to the appealing structure in imbalanced semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that our method can bring significant improvements on both 2D and 3D semantic segmentation benchmarks. Moreover, our method ranks 1st and sets a new record (+6.8% mIoU) on the ScanNet200 test leaderboard. Code will be available at https://github.com/dvlab-research/Imbalanced-Learning.

For Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, many models have been established to characterize their degradation process. The existing empirical or physical models can reveal important information regarding the degradation dynamics. However, there is no general and flexible methods to fuse the information represented by those models. Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is an efficient tool to fuse empirical or physical dynamic models with data-driven models. To take full advantage of various information sources, we propose a model fusion scheme based on PINN. It is implemented by developing a semi-empirical semi-physical Partial Differential Equation (PDE) to model the degradation dynamics of Li-ion-batteries. When there is little prior knowledge about the dynamics, we leverage the data-driven Deep Hidden Physics Model (DeepHPM) to discover the underlying governing dynamic models. The uncovered dynamics information is then fused with that mined by the surrogate neural network in the PINN framework. Moreover, an uncertainty-based adaptive weighting method is employed to balance the multiple learning tasks when training the PINN. The proposed methods are verified on a public dataset of Li-ion Phosphate (LFP)/graphite batteries.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

In the scenario of black-box adversarial attack, the target model's parameters are unknown, and the attacker aims to find a successful adversarial perturbation based on query feedback under a query budget. Due to the limited feedback information, existing query-based black-box attack methods often require many queries for attacking each benign example. To reduce query cost, we propose to utilize the feedback information across historical attacks, dubbed example-level adversarial transferability. Specifically, by treating the attack on each benign example as one task, we develop a meta-learning framework by training a meta-generator to produce perturbations conditioned on benign examples. When attacking a new benign example, the meta generator can be quickly fine-tuned based on the feedback information of the new task as well as a few historical attacks to produce effective perturbations. Moreover, since the meta-train procedure consumes many queries to learn a generalizable generator, we utilize model-level adversarial transferability to train the meta-generator on a white-box surrogate model, then transfer it to help the attack against the target model. The proposed framework with the two types of adversarial transferability can be naturally combined with any off-the-shelf query-based attack methods to boost their performance, which is verified by extensive experiments.

Although deep learning has made remarkable progress in processing various types of data such as images, text and speech, they are known to be susceptible to adversarial perturbations: perturbations specifically designed and added to the input to make the target model produce erroneous output. Most of the existing studies on generating adversarial perturbations attempt to perturb the entire input indiscriminately. In this paper, we propose ExploreADV, a general and flexible adversarial attack system that is capable of modeling regional and imperceptible attacks, allowing users to explore various kinds of adversarial examples as needed. We adapt and combine two existing boundary attack methods, DeepFool and Brendel\&Bethge Attack, and propose a mask-constrained adversarial attack system, which generates minimal adversarial perturbations under the pixel-level constraints, namely ``mask-constraints''. We study different ways of generating such mask-constraints considering the variance and importance of the input features, and show that our adversarial attack system offers users good flexibility to focus on sub-regions of inputs, explore imperceptible perturbations and understand the vulnerability of pixels/regions to adversarial attacks. We demonstrate our system to be effective based on extensive experiments and user study.